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AI, Machine Learning, Deep Learning Explained

Key Points

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) aims to make computers behave like humans, while Machine Learning (ML) adds the ability for computers to learn from data and make predictions through processes like supervised learning.
  • Deep Learning (DL) goes a step further by feeding raw data into models that automatically discover patterns and relationships without needing explicit feature engineering.
  • Neural networks, the core of DL, mimic biological neurons by connecting inputs, hidden layers, and outputs, allowing complex information exchange similar to brain synapses.
  • As AI progresses rapidly, understanding these hierarchical relationships and the way neural networks learn is essential for addressing emerging concerns and ethical considerations.

Full Transcript

# AI, Machine Learning, Deep Learning Explained **Source:** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMZ0Tgc2jFQ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMZ0Tgc2jFQ) **Duration:** 00:09:22 ## Summary - Artificial Intelligence (AI) aims to make computers behave like humans, while Machine Learning (ML) adds the ability for computers to learn from data and make predictions through processes like supervised learning. - Deep Learning (DL) goes a step further by feeding raw data into models that automatically discover patterns and relationships without needing explicit feature engineering. - Neural networks, the core of DL, mimic biological neurons by connecting inputs, hidden layers, and outputs, allowing complex information exchange similar to brain synapses. - As AI progresses rapidly, understanding these hierarchical relationships and the way neural networks learn is essential for addressing emerging concerns and ethical considerations. ## Sections - [00:00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMZ0Tgc2jFQ&t=0s) **Hierarchical Relationship of AI Technologies** - The speaker outlines how artificial intelligence encompasses machine learning, which in turn includes deep learning and neural networks, explaining each level's data‑driven learning process. ## Full Transcript
0:00is AI to machine learning like deep 0:03learning is to neural networks H that's 0:07a very good question but before we dive 0:10into the details on deep learning and 0:13neural networks I kind of think we 0:15should really level set on the real 0:17relationship as we start down this 0:19hierarchy so let's get started 0:22artificial intelligence just to 0:24summarize with just plainly what it kind 0:26of means we want computers 0:31to behave like 0:35humans a grand old stick figure there 0:38all right so that's what artificial 0:40artificial intelligence is really all 0:42about there we can take it a step 0:44further here is with machine learning we 0:48want to provide some data those ones and 0:51zeros and we would like the machine 0:57to have a light bulb here moment 1:00of some conclusion that we wanted to to 1:03come to I feed you data you understand 1:05that data and give me a concept and 1:07through techniques like supervised 1:09learning we always have to kind of tune 1:12this data to say okay you're getting 1:15close let me give you another set of 1:17data so you can learn and then I want 1:19you to predict the answer that I know I 1:21want you to see this process usually 1:24involves you constantly tuning and 1:27working with the data well let's take it 1:29a step step lower when we get into deep 1:32learning which is uh uh where we still 1:35want to provide the data just raw data 1:38but instead these are methods that the 1:42computer or models whatever you may say 1:45will come up with their own conclusions 1:48all right they will go ahead and learn 1:50on their own we just keep providing data 1:53and through different types of 1:54techniques they'll be able to actually 1:57uncover relationships and another 1:59question came to mind what are all the 2:02concerns about with AI and it learning 2:05fast and growing so fast let's kind of 2:07take a look at that particular situation 2:10here here I have two neurons that you 2:13have in the brain if we're familiar with 2:15let's take you all the way back to high 2:16school biology where we all learn that 2:20um cells have synapses that communicate 2:24with each other and they fire off 2:25synapses impulses that really allow them 2:28to communicate well that how our brain 2:30works and if you remember from AI our 2:33one artificial intelligence the one 2:35principle that we do have here is to 2:37make machines function like humans well 2:41that's where neural networks come into 2:43play they actually simulate the way that 2:46the brain works by doing a neuron 2:49Network so I'm simulating this here on 2:52how we may have 2:56inputs and we'll have outputs which is 2:59the act ual result you're looking for 3:01and in between we can have any number of 3:04what we like to call Hidden 3:08layers all right now generally in a lot 3:11of these you'll have all the nodes are 3:13connected to each other just like we 3:16have in the normal synapses of the brain 3:20they all are aware of each 3:22other and can communicate as 3:26well and this can come in various forms 3:29depending on the actual context of the 3:31problem that you're trying to do all 3:33right if you wanted to have an output 3:35where you just need a probability score 3:38that output may just be one particular 3:41node or if you have a multiple 3:43classification that you need to do it 3:45can be multiple nodes as you see as I've 3:48I've envisioned here and this is just a 3:50a form of a simple Network that you can 3:52do but we're talk more about now how 3:55these are all you architect these and 3:57you resemble these through through your 4:00sdks through programming you are 4:01actually simulating this particular 4:03diagram at the bottom here and you feed 4:06it data and data flows through and you 4:08get your resulting answer this is an 4:10actual implementation of what a neural 4:12network really looks like here so let's 4:15talk about some of the simple neuron 4:16networks that you can do so now that you 4:18know the foundation of the definition of 4:21this you when you want to engage in in 4:25deploying uh uh a deep learning through 4:27neural networks you really have to 4:30understand what type do I want to do 4:31what's required all right so on this 4:34side we'll talk about three different 4:36types of simple newal networks that come 4:38up very often the first the feed forward 4:40Network this is where you have inputs 4:43that go to outputs it goes completely 4:46through the actual uh uh Network there 4:50and through continuously going through 4:52there is a certain feedback where it 4:54kind of starts to learn how things works 4:58next back propagation algorithm BPA all 5:02right each layer each node is going to 5:05be connected to each hidden layer um and 5:08everyone can communicate with each other 5:10here and by going through and 5:14learning going through the actual data 5:16and making decisions it's going to start 5:18to learn which 5:21path is correct and it's going to assign 5:24we could call it 5:27weights to which one was correct and so 5:30as you go through a second iteration it 5:32knows I'm going to keep trying this path 5:34and it'll keep trying different notes to 5:36really get back to where it has a 5:38correct decision that it needs to make 5:41the third convolutional neuron Network 5:45this is more on the side where you do a 5:47lot of 5:52classification type of decisions that 5:54you want to make let's take for instance 5:56image processing all right um uh one of 5:59the these neural networks may have more 6:01hidden layers and of course depending on 6:04what you're trying to do you can assign 6:05more input nodes more hidden layer nodes 6:08that you want in there and more hidden 6:10layers so think about CNN which would be 6:13something like as I'm processing an 6:15image I may have one hidden layer for 6:18the colors one for the edges one for 6:22different aspects of the photo until I 6:25come out to the output of yes this is 6:28this this probability is that or 6:29whatever classification that I kind of 6:32want so taking that in consideration 6:34you're moving on from machine learning 6:36you get into neural networks you decide 6:38what you're going to deploy for your 6:40particular problem what are some of the 6:41common use cases here and what I 6:44actually found is it is more common than 6:46you think some of our outline four use 6:49cases here which we work with and are 6:51very aware of every day the first 6:56is we'll call this one computer Vision 7:00as you said being able to identify uh 7:03images text documentations uh um that's 7:07all it it being able to see and identify 7:09a particular piece of content here very 7:12critical here now we've all uh been at 7:18home and we all use certain smart 7:20devices to maybe ask different questions 7:24all right and that's where speech 7:26recognition the ability for you to say 7:29words and it to interpret it into the 7:31right context which leads me to my third 7:34use case here natural language 7:37processing and I think we're all are 7:39aware where we'll have um an 7:42actual uh a 7:47computer being able to 7:53understand speech okay being able to 7:56interpret uh translate to different 7:59language 8:00um you ask a question and it understands 8:03the right context all right that comes 8:05through these big neural networks of 8:07being able to actually learn uh through 8:10and we've all done uh shopping on 8:14e-commerce at any given day and I think 8:17you are aware on what this can be 8:19recommendation layers all right 8:21recommendation engines all right based 8:24upon the data from you buying purchasing 8:27and what others have bought uh it can 8:29offer you recommendations on what you 8:32may like or if you're in your favorite 8:34streaming service all right you've 8:36watched this type of movie this type of 8:38genre I can give you recommendations on 8:41what I think to keep you engaged again 8:44uh from there so now we learn these 8:46popular Concepts from artificial 8:48intelligence to machine learning to deep 8:51learning which we know a form of that is 8:54through expressed through uh neural 8:57networks here so as you you pick your 9:00next architecture and want to actually 9:01get involved this information you can 9:04use to kind of make decisions on how you 9:06want to gain insights from Deep 9:19learning